This course provides a structured and practical introduction to descriptive statistics, focusing on how data can be summarized, analyzed, and interpreted. It begins with measures of central tendency, including mean, median, and mode, and explains how to calculate precise medians using interpolation methods. Learners then explore variability and dispersion, with coverage of variation ratio for nominal data, range, interquartile range, semi-interquartile range, and the logic behind dividing by n−1 when calculating sample variance.

The course emphasizes understanding data distributions through frequency distribution tables and multiple exploratory data analysis techniques. Students learn how to create and interpret stem-and-leaf displays, box-and-whisker plots, histograms, and frequency polygons. Special attention is given to identifying outliers using the interquartile range and understanding inclusive versus exclusive methods.

Advanced topics include positive and negative skew, floor and ceiling effects, methods for calculating skewness, and an introduction to kurtosis and statistical moments. By the end of the course, learners will be able to describe data accurately, recognize distribution patterns, and apply descriptive statistics confidently in psychology, education, and social science research.